Diabetes

Diabetes is a condition when your body is not able to process sugar due to a lack of insulin or a resistance to it. As a result, this can lead to excess levels of sugar in the blood, which can cause serious health problems including heart disease, nerve damage, kidney damage, and eye damage. Consider the following factors:

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Risk factors

Obesity, insulin resistance, sedentary lifestyle, family history of diabetes, infection or illness, are risk factors for diabetes type 1 and 2. Talk to your doctor about additional factors for both types of diabetes based on your overall health.

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Symptoms

There are often no symptoms of diabetes, but when they do occur, they might include frequent need to urinate, especially at night, excessive thirst, fatigue, weight loss, blurred vision, tingling hands or feet, dry skin, sores that heal slowly, or more infections than usual.

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Treatments

Eating well, being physically active, managing blood sugar, reaching and maintaining a healthy weight, and managing stress and mental health.

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Medications for Type 1 Diabetes

• Short-acting insulin

  • Regular insulin (Humulin and Novolin)

• Rapid-acting insulins

  • Insulin aspart (NovoLog, FlexPen, Fiasp

  • Insulin glulisine (Apidra)

  • Insulin lispro (Humalog)

• Intermediate-acting insulin

  • Insulin isophane (Humulin N, Novolin N)

• Long-acting insulins

  • Insulin degludec (Tresiba)

  • Insulin detemir (Levemir)

  • Insulin glargine (Lantus)

  • Insulin glargine (Toujeo)

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Medications for Type 2 Diabetes

• Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

  • Acarbose (Precose)

  • Miglitol (Glyset)

• Biguanides

• Dopamine agonist

• Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors

• Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 receptor agonists)

• Meglitinides

• Sodium-glucose transporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors

• Sulfonylureas

• Thiazolidinediones